Pathos: A persuasive technique
that appeals to a reader's emotions.
1. "I can't go on living like
this, underground...I want to live like everyone else. I want to have
a wife like everyone else" (278). When Erik says this, it
creates pathos because it has a depressing feeling. It makes the
readers feel sympathy for him because all he wants is to be normal.
2. "I kissed her!...And she
didn't die!...You can't know how I felt...My mother, my poor,
miserable mother would never let me kiss her. She would throw my mask
and run away" (325). The author uses pathos when Erik describes
kissing Christine. It makes the reader feel joy for him because he is
overwhelmingly happy. However, it also produces sadness because he
had never felt love ever before and was always rejected.
3. "Who is it?...he said
angrily...I'll know whom you love and who loves you!" (122).
Raoul is angry with Christine because he thinks she is in love with
someone else. It makes the readers feel sympathy and see Raoul's
point of view. The focus has been on Christine's struggles, but when
Raoul expresses how hurt he is, the audience sides with him.
Ethos: A persuasive technique
that gives credibility to the author.
4. "I would be
an ingrate if, at the outset of this true and frightful story, I did
not also thank the present management of the Opera, who so graciously
cooperated with me in all my investigations" (6). The author,
Gaston Leroux, makes a note of thanks. This is ethos because it
acknowledges his sources and helps the audience trust that the
information is correct.
5. "This true
story was told to me by Pedro Gailhard, the former manager of the
Opera" (10). Once again, Leroux acknowledges his sources. He
obviously did his research and talked to people directly involved
with the Opera, which gives him credibility.
6. "...there can
be no doubt that the head of fire...was the same one that caused such
painful apprehension in the Persian and Viscount de Chagny.
(Reference: the Persian's papers.)" (252). The author shows that
he has another trustful source by referencing the Persian's paper.
It's ethos because the Persian is a primary source so it gives
credibility to the story.
7. "In those
days, the firemen were still required to watch over the safety of the
Opera...That requirement has since been withdrawn" (248). The
author talks about the requirements of the Opera in the past and
present. This proves he is informed about the setting of the story
and key points that influence the plot.
Logos: A persuasive technique
that uses facts and statistics to assist the author's argument.
8. "...famous
pirate leader De Tham and his men were pursued by French soldiers,
and how they all escaped by using reeds in this way" (262). At
one point in the story, the characters use reeds to breathe
underwater. The author clarifies a reference to the soldiers. It is
logos because it is a historical fact that gives more backbone to the
authors story.
9. "Jules-Eugėne
Lenepveu was a French painter who decorated the ceiling of the Paris
Opera" (84). Again, the author uses a fact in his notes. It is
logos because it's a proven fact.
10. "Jean-Louis-Charles
Garnier...was the architect of the Paris Opera" (60). The author
uses another historical fact that provides logos for his story. It
proves he knows about the Opera, which is the main setting, and it
makes it easier to believe.
